Layer 1 vs Layer 2 Layer 1 vs Layer 2 are terms used to describe the architecture of blockchain networks. Layer 1 refers to the base blockchain protocol (e.g., Bitcoin or Ethereum) that handles the core functions of transaction validation, consensus, and security. Layer 2 solutions are built on top of Layer 1 blockchains to address scalability and speed issues. Examples include the Lightning Network for Bitcoin and Optimistic Rollups for Ethereum, which improve transaction throughput without compromising security or decentralization. https://www.debutinfotech.com/blog/layer-1-vs-layer-2-blockchain